As a common lexical grammatical relationship in English, substitution has cohesive function in the text. 替代是英语文章中常见的一种词汇语法关系,在语篇中发挥衔接功能。
Lexical nominalizations are formed by adding derivative affixes to words of other parts of speech ( mostly verbs and adjectives) or through conversion, while syntactical nominalization is the substitution of nominal expressions for verbal structures, adjective structures or clauses. 第一个层次是通过添加派生词缀或者零转换将其他词类的词(主要为动词和形容词)转化为名词;第二个层次是用名词短语代替动词结构、形容词结构或小句。
In Cohesion in English ( 1976), Halliday and Hasan classify cohesive devices into grammatical cohesion and lexical cohesion: the former includes reference, substitution, ellipsis and conjunction; the latter includes reiteration and collocation. 在该书中,韩礼德和哈桑把衔接手段划分为语法衔接和词汇衔接:前者包括照应,替代,省略,连接;后者包括词汇重复和词语搭配。
The study of cohesion perspective consists of the grammar and lexical cohesion approaches with the former mainly referring to the reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction and so on and the latter to the repetition and collocation and so forth. 衔接角度主要是从语法衔接手段与词汇衔接手段两方面进行分析的,其中语法衔接手段又包括指代、替代、省略、连接手段;词汇衔接手段又包括重复、搭配。
The frequency of reference displays a decreasing tendency while that of lexical cohesion exhibits an increasing change tendency across the four terms. The changes in using conjunction, substitution and ellipsis do not form a linear change tendency. 指代的使用频率呈下降趋势而词汇衔接呈上升趋势;连接、替代和省略没有明显的线性发展趋势。
In Cohesion in English, Halliday and Hasan divided English textual cohesion into reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction and lexical cohesion. And reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction are totally referred to as grammar cohesion. 韩里德和哈森在CohesioninEnglish一书中,把英语的衔接手段分为照应、替代、省略、连接和词汇衔接五类,其中照应、替代、省略、连接又统称为语法衔接。